Described as the de facto leader of the European Union, German Chancellor Angela Merkel led the enterprise in tackling the euro crisis brought on by Greece’s financial woes. She also made a decision to open Germany to Syrian refugees and migrants. “By year’s end, she had steered the [EU] through not one but two existential crises,” Time reported in its article naming her 2015 “Person of the Year.” Raised by a Lutheran pastor in the former East Germany, Merkel was Germany’s first female chancellor and has held the position for 10 years.

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